A growing number of teens and young adults are ending up in emergency rooms after attempting viral social media challenges, according to a new study from Omega Law.
Platforms like TikTok and Instagram have given young users unprecedented opportunities for connection and creativity. But researchers warn that the same algorithms fueling entertainment are also promoting dangerous trends that can cause serious injury — and in some cases, death.
Social Media by the Numbers
The scale of social media use among U.S. teens is massive:
- 183 million TikTok users and 168 million Instagram users log in monthly.
- Teens and young adults (ages 13–24) make up 39% of Instagram’s U.S. base and 32% of TikTok’s users.
- TikTok users spend an average of 95 minutes per day on the app.
While much of the content is lighthearted, the study found that algorithms frequently push emotionally intense or risky videos that capture engagement, including self-harm confessions and viral “challenge” stunts.
Why Teens Are Especially Vulnerable
The study highlights that adolescents are particularly at risk due to brain development. The prefrontal cortex, which governs impulse control and decision-making, is not fully developed in teens. This makes them more susceptible to peer pressure and the dopamine-driven validation of likes and shares.
“Validation from likes and shares can override a teen’s ability to assess risk,” explained one clinical researcher. “Algorithms reward virality, not safety.”
According to CDC data, nearly 1 in 4 teens admit to participating in a dangerous online trend.
Five Deadly Viral Challenges
The report identified several recent challenges linked to thousands of emergency visits and fatalities:
- The Blackout Challenge (ages 10–14): Self-strangulation to induce a high. Linked to 100+ deaths and severe brain injury.
- The Tide Pod Challenge (ages 10–14): Ingesting laundry pods. Caused 35,000 ER visits between 2016–2020.
- The Milk Crate Challenge (ages 15–18): Walking on stacked crates. Resulted in 8,100 ER visits in 2020–21 for broken bones, concussions, and spinal injuries.
- The Fire Challenge (ages 10–14): Setting oneself on fire. Victims suffered burns to up to 45% of body surface and permanent scarring.
- The Benadryl Challenge: Overdosing on antihistamines to hallucinate. Risks include seizures, heart failure, coma, and death.
The Engagement Problem
The study found that emotionally intense content boosts engagement by 24%, increasing the likelihood it will be promoted by algorithms.
On TikTok, the “For You” page delivers trending videos regardless of search history, exposing teens to dangerous challenges repeatedly. This can normalize risk-taking behavior and heighten participation among already vulnerable users.
Real-World Consequences
Beyond physical harm, families face steep financial costs. According to FAIR Health data:
- The average ER visit costs over $2,400.
- Trauma-related hospital stays can range from $20,000 to $80,000.
- Many insurance providers exclude coverage for injuries deemed “self-inflicted” or “avoidable.”
Some insurers now deny claims linked to viral stunts, citing reckless behavior exclusions. This leaves families struggling with long-term medical debt.
“One poor decision made for likes can lead to a lifetime of debt,” a digital injury expert warned.
A Call to Action
“The pursuit of social media popularity through viral challenges poses significant public health concerns,” said Dr. Rebecca Andrews, Chair of the ACP Board of Regents. “As both a physician and a parent, I can say: debunking these trends could save lives.”
The study recommends urgent steps, including:
- Awareness campaigns highlighting the risks of online challenges
- Stronger moderation tools to flag harmful content
- Education for teens about long-term consequences of risky behavior
Legal Support for Families
Families impacted by these challenges face not only emotional distress but also financial and legal uncertainty. Injuries from social media stunts may result in denied insurance claims, loss of wages, and lifelong care needs.
Omega Law Group is available to help families navigate these challenges, from understanding legal options to recovering compensation for medical expenses, lost income, and pain and suffering.
